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Background Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical malignant syndrome mainly originating from the appendix, with an incidence of 2–4 per million people. As a rare disease, an early and accurate diagnosis of PMP is difficult. I...
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Background Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical malignant syndrome mainly originating from the appendix, with an incidence of 2–4 per million people. As a rare disease, an early and accurate diagnosis of PMP is difficult. It was not until the 1980s that the systematic study of this disease was started. Main body As a result of clinical and basic research progress over the last 4 decades, a comprehensive strategy based on cytoreductive surgery (CRS)?+?hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been established and proved to be an effective treatment for PMP. Currently, CRS?+?HIPEC was recommended as the standard treatment for PMP worldwide. There are several consensuses on PMP management, playing an important role in the standardization of CRS?+?HIPEC. However, controversies exist among consensuses published worldwide. A systematic evaluation of PMP consensuses helps not only to standardize PMP treatment but also to identify existing controversies and point to possible solutions in the future. The controversy underlying the consensus and vice versa promotes the continuous refinement and updating of consensuses and continue to improve PMP management through a gradual and continuous process. In this traditional narrative review, we systemically evaluated the consensuses published by major national and international academic organizations, aiming to get a timely update on the treatment strategies of CRS?+?HIPEC on PMP. Conclusion Currently, consensuses have been reached on the following aspects: pathological classification, terminology, preoperative evaluation, eligibility for surgical treatment, maximal tumor debulking, CRS technical details, and severe adverse event classification system. However, controversies still exist regarding the HIPEC regimen, systemic chemotherapy, and?early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-re-oxygenation (OGDR) stimulation to the human endometrial cells mimics ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent programmed necrosis pathway mediates OGDR-induced cytotoxicit...
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Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-re-oxygenation (OGDR) stimulation to the human endometrial cells mimics ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent programmed necrosis pathway mediates OGDR-induced cytotoxicity to human endometrial cells. We here identified a novel CypD-targeting miRNA, microRNA-1203 (miR-1203). In T-HESC and primary human endometrial cells, ectopic overexpression of miR-1203, using a lentiviral construct, potently downregulated the CypD 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) activity and its expression. Both were however upregulated in endometrial cells with forced miR-1203 inhibition by its anti-sense sequence. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic miR-1203 overexpression in endometrial cells alleviated OGDR-induced programmed necrosis, inhibiting mitochondrial CypD-p53-adenine nucleotide translocator 1 association, mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, and medium lactate dehydrogenase release. Contrarily OGDR-induced programmed necrosis and cytotoxicity were intensified with forced miR-1203 inhibition in endometrial cells. Significantly, ectopic miR-1203 overexpression or inhibition failed to change OGDR-induced cytotoxicity in CypD-knockout T-HESC cells. Furthermore, ectopic miR-1203 overexpression was unable to protect T-HESC endometrial cells from OGDR when CypD was restored by an UTR-depleted CypD construct. Collectively, these results show that miR-1203 targets and silences CypD to protect human endometrial cells from OGDR.
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Mimicking ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-re-oxygenation (OGDR) applied to endometrial cells produces significant oxidative stress and programmed necrosis, which can be inhibited by nuclear-factor...
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Mimicking ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-re-oxygenation (OGDR) applied to endometrial cells produces significant oxidative stress and programmed necrosis, which can be inhibited by nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. MicroRNA (miRNA)-induced repression of Keap1, a Nrf2 suppressor protein that facilitates Nrf2 degradation, is novel strategy to activate Nrf2 cascade. MicroRNA-941 (miR-941) was exogenously expressed in HESC and primary human endometrial cells, and the Nrf2 pathway examined by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The endometrial cells were treated with OGDR, cell programmed necrosis and apoptosis were tested. MiR-941 is a novel Keap1-targeting miRNA that regulates Nrf2 activity. In T-HESC cells and primary human endometrial cells, ectopic overexpression of miR-941 suppressed Keap1 3′-UTR (untranslated region) expression and downregulated its mRNA/protein expression, leading to activation of the Nrf2 cascade. Conversely, inhibition of miR-941 elevated Keap1 expression and activity in endometrial cells, resulting in suppression of Nrf2 activation. MiR-941 overexpression in endometrial cells attenuated OGDR-induced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis, whereas miR-941 inhibition enhanced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis. MiR-941 overexpression and inhibition were completely ineffective in Keap1?/Nrf2-KO T-HESC cells (using CRISPR/Cas9 strategy). Restoring Keap1 expression, using an UTR-depleted Keap1 construct, abolished miR-941-induced anti-OGDR activity in T-HESC cells. Thus Keap1-Nrf2 cascade activation is required for miR-941-induced endometrial cell protection. Targeting Keap1 by miR-941 activates Nrf2 cascade to protect human endometrial cells from OGDR-induced oxidative stress and programmed necrosis.
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The evidence is limited to suggest that XELOX may share similar efficacy as FOLFOXs and reduce toxicities of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer therapy. However, owing to limited data and potential bias of the included studie...
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The evidence is limited to suggest that XELOX may share similar efficacy as FOLFOXs and reduce toxicities of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer therapy. However, owing to limited data and potential bias of the included studies, further rigorously controlled trials are required.
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For economical water splitting and degradation of toxic organic dyes, the development of inexpensive, efficient, and stable photocatalysts capable of harvesting visible light is essential. In this study, we designed a model system...
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For economical water splitting and degradation of toxic organic dyes, the development of inexpensive, efficient, and stable photocatalysts capable of harvesting visible light is essential. In this study, we designed a model system by grafting graphitic carbon nitride (g-C _(3) N _(4) ) (g-CN) nanosheets on the surface of 2D monoclinic bismuth vanadate (m-BiVO _(4) ) nanoplates by a simple hydrothermal method. This as-synthesized photocatalyst has well-dispersed g-CN nanosheets on the surface of the nanoplates of m-BiVO _(4) , thus forming a heterojunction with a high specific surface area. The degradation rate for bromophenol blue (BPB) shown by BiVO _(4) /g-CN is 96% and that for methylene blue (MB) is 98% within 1 h and 25 min, respectively. The 2D BiVO _(4) /g-CN heterostructure system also shows outstanding durability and retains up to ～95% degradation efficiency for the MB dye even after eight consecutive cycles; the degradation efficiency for BPB does not change too much after eight consecutive cycles as well. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of BiVO _(4) /g-CN are attributed to the larger surface area, larger number of surface active sites, fast charge transfer and improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers. We proposed a mechanism for the improved photocatalytic performance of the Z -scheme photocatalytic system. The present work gives a good example for the development of a novel Z -scheme heterojunction with good stability and high photocatalytic activity for toxic organic dye degradation and water splitting applications.
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Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation (OGDR) induces oxidative injury to endometrial cells in vitro . We tested the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh3 (GRh3) in the process. Our results show that GRh3 activated Nrf2 ...
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Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation (OGDR) induces oxidative injury to endometrial cells in vitro . We tested the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh3 (GRh3) in the process. Our results show that GRh3 activated Nrf2 signaling in T-HESC cells and primary murine endometrial cells. GRh3 induced Nrf2 Ser-40 phosphorylation and Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, which led to transcription and expression of antioxidant response element-dependent genes (HO1 , NQO1 and GCLC ). In T-HESC cells and primary murine endometrial cells, GRh3 potently attenuated OGDR-induced reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial depolarization, as well as cell viability reduction and necrosis. Activation of Nrf2 is required for GRh3-induced anti-OGDR actions in endometrial cells. Nrf2 inhibition, by Nrf2 shRNA, knockout (through CRISPR-Cas9-editing) or S40T mutation, abolished GRh3-induced endometrial cell protection against OGDR. Additionally, forced activation of Nrf2, by Keap1 knockout, mimicked and nullified GRh3-induced anti-OGDR actions in T-HESC cells. Together, we conclude that GRh3 protects endometrial cells from OGDR via activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Locoregional spread of abdominopelvic malignant tumors frequently results in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The prognosis of PC patients treated by conventional systemic chemotherapy is poor, with a median survival of < 6 mo. However, over the past three decades, an integrated treatment strategy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been developed by the pioneering oncologists, with proved efficacy and safety in selected patients. Supported by several lines of clinical evidence from phases?I, II and III clinical trials, CRS + HIPEC has been regarded as the standard treatment for selected patients with PC in many established cancer centers worldwide. In China, an expert consensus on CRS + HIPEC has been reached by the leading surgical and medical oncologists, under the framework of the China Anti-Cancer Association. This expert consensus has summarized the progress in PC clinical studies and systematically evaluated the CRS + HIPEC procedures in China as well as across the world, so as to lay the foundation for formulating PC treatment guidelines specific to the national conditions of China....
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Locoregional spread of abdominopelvic malignant tumors frequently results in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The prognosis of PC patients treated by conventional systemic chemotherapy is poor, with a median survival of < 6 mo. However, over the past three decades, an integrated treatment strategy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been developed by the pioneering oncologists, with proved efficacy and safety in selected patients. Supported by several lines of clinical evidence from phases?I, II and III clinical trials, CRS + HIPEC has been regarded as the standard treatment for selected patients with PC in many established cancer centers worldwide. In China, an expert consensus on CRS + HIPEC has been reached by the leading surgical and medical oncologists, under the framework of the China Anti-Cancer Association. This expert consensus has summarized the progress in PC clinical studies and systematically evaluated the CRS + HIPEC procedures in China as well as across the world, so as to lay the foundation for formulating PC treatment guidelines specific to the national conditions of China.
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Al-containing coatings were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy by pack-cementation technology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), backscattered electron imaging (BSEI) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were jointly employed to characte...
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Al-containing coatings were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy by pack-cementation technology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), backscattered electron imaging (BSEI) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were jointly employed to characterize the phases, microstructure and composition of the coated samples. The results show that the feedstock composition has a significant impact on the phases, microstructure and thickness of the coatings. For the sample with AlCl3 powder as the activator, the coating is very thick and composed of gradient phases and structures from surface to inside, including small amount of β-Mg2Al3, coarse eutectic-like structure of γ-Mg17Al12 + δ-Mg, and fine γ-Mg17Al12 precipitations. In contrast, for the sample with AlCl3 and pure Al composite powders as the activator, the coating is relatively thin and contains a thin Al2O3 layer and a small amount of fine γ-Mg17Al12 precipitates. For the pack-cementation aluminizing that is not protected by high-vacuum or inert gas, the addition of pure Al powders can easily introduce the Al2O3 layer into the coating to prevent active Al ions further penetrating into the magnesium matrix, resulting in the thin Al-containing coating. The microhardness and corrosion behavior of the two kinds of aluminized coatings were also studied and discussed.
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Background As a rare clinical tumor syndrome with an indolent clinical course and lack of pathognomonic symptoms, pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. In-depth pathological analysis is essential ...
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Background As a rare clinical tumor syndrome with an indolent clinical course and lack of pathognomonic symptoms, pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. In-depth pathological analysis is essential to assess tumor biological behaviors, assist treatment decision, and predict the clinical prognosis of PMP. The tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is a promising prognostic parameter based on the tumor and stroma. This study explored the relationship between TSR and the pathological characteristics and prognosis of PMP. Methods PMP patients with complete data who underwent cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were enrolled. The TSR of postoperative pathological images was quantitatively analyzed by Image-Pro Plus. Then the relationship between TSR and the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical characteristics and prognosis of PMP was analyzed. Results Among the 50 PMP patients included, there were 27 males (54.0%) and 23 females (46.0%), with a median age of 55 (range: 31–76) years. 25 (50.0%) patients were diagnosed with low-grade PMP (LG-PMP), and 25 (50.0%) were diagnosed with high-grade PMP (HG-PMP). There were 4 (8.0%) patients with vascular tumor emboli, 3 (6.0%) patients with nerve invasion, and 5 (10.0%) patients with lymph node metastasis. The immunohistochemical results showed that the Ki67 label index was < 25% in 18 cases (36.0%), 25 - 50% in 18 cases (36.0%) and > 50% in 14 cases (28.0%). The range of TSR was 2 - 24% (median: 8%). The cutoff value of TSR was 10% based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and X-Tile analysis. There were 31 (62.0%) cases with TSR < 10% and 19 (38.0%) cases with TSR ≥ 10%. The TSR was closely related to histopathological type ( P < 0.001) and Ki67 label index ( P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19–9, pathological type, vascular tumor emboli and TSR influenced the prognosis of PMP patients ( P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative CEA, vascular tumor emboli and the TSR were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The TSR could be a new independent prognosticator for PMP.
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摘要 :AbstractThe hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenite concentrate was investigated with oxygen as the oxidizing agent at elevated pressures and temperatures. The influencing factors, mechanisms and reaction kinetics of the pres...
展开AbstractThe hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenite concentrate was investigated with oxygen as the oxidizing agent at elevated pressures and temperatures. The influencing factors, mechanisms and reaction kinetics of the pressure aqueous oxidation process were studied in detail. The most suitable reaction conditions were: liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1, an oxygen partial pressure of 1MPa, a stirring speed of 600rpm, a particle size <250mesh and a temperature of 200°C. The conversion of molybdenum can reach 99% after 120min under the most suitable reaction condition. Moreover, it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results that mineral oxidation and the dissolution of molybdenum oxides were the two main steps occurring in sequence during the overall process. The Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated that molybdenum was present in the leached solution in various forms including MoO42?, H2Mo7O244?, MoO22+and Mo36O1128?. Besides, based on kinetic data, the process is controlled by the chemical reaction.Highlights?The Mo leaching efficiency reaches 99% under the most suitable reaction conditions with almost all Al and about 50% Mg leached.?The chemically controlled pressure oxidation of sulfide to oxide is followed by oxide dissolution.?The dissolved species are in the forms of MoO42?, H2Mo7O244?, MoO22+, Mo36O1128?, SO42?and HSO4?.]]>
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